Federal and state environmental permit information was also included in this document. Substation equipment an overview sciencedirect topics. The electric power substation, whether generating station or transmission and distribution, remains one of the most challenging and exciting fields of electric power engineering. In a thermal power plant i saw a substation of 220kv and in the other one 2kv. Download electric power substations engineering by john d. Transmission, sub transmission and distribution substation 4. But the magnetic field goes right through bricks, concrete, or a human body. Identification of wires part3 particular requirement for substation equipment section3. The courses do not necessarily have to be taken in order and, for the.
What are the basic requirement of electrical substation. Substation electrician jobs apply now careerbuilder. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Edms, printed to an electronic drawing set adobe pdf and issued to the project manager. Chapter iv system planning, design, construction, and protection nei electric power engineering page iv4 the 115 kv voltage level is commonly used to deliver power to subtransmission systems and distribution substations.
In a substation there are numbers of incoming and outgoing circuits each having its isolator, circuit breaker, transformers etc. Basically, substation consists of power transformers, circuit. It is used to switch generators, equipment, and circuits or lines in and out of a system. Estimating the seismic response and reliability of an electrical substation is a challenging. Schedule all infeed electric substations within the first six months of plan implementation. The new substation t he electricity grid was invented in the 19th century and greatly expanded in the 20th. Our engineers have completed substation testing and maintenance including power transformers, switchgear from 600 v to 35 kv, overhead and industrial switches, reclosers, relays, breakers and regulators for over 20 different utilities and industrial customers. At present, the demand for electrical power is growing rapidly, and this can be fulfilled by the power generating substations.
Substation layout substation layout single line diagram check. The national electrical safety code requires grounding metal fences used to enclose substations with energized electrical conductors or. Substation structure design guide provides a comprehensive resource for the structural design of outdoor electrical substation structures. This substation is constructed using steel lattice structures to support strain bus wires and apparatus. Highvoltage cables are manufactured to exact specifications so that they can withstand a variety of mechanical and electrical stresses. Substations are joints in the power system that represent nodes that are vital to stable and reliable operation of the power system. Portable substation equipment solutions line power. Those substations which improve the power factor of the system are called power factor correction substation. Overhead lines and substation equipment can be protected against direct strokes to a considerable extent by using earth or ground wires, which shield the equipment. Sep 16, 2012 all but the smallest substations include auxiliary power supplies. Power equipment bulletins are available only to bureau of reclamation reclamation personnel and may be found on the intranet.
Part 1 also provides an overview of substation major equipment, explaining the mission, and arrangement of each component. Supply of electric power to different consumers is done at low voltage level. Apr, 20 electric substations are one of the parts of power system and are used for transferring power from the generating point to load centers. To better understand the importance of electrical substations, lets start with a discussion about the structure of the power systems and their main components. There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth functioning of the system. Substation substation a station in the power transmission system at which electric power is transformed to a conveniently used form. Presentation outline electric power system grounding 3phase power systems reasons for grounding and bonding substation, transmission, and distribution grounding power faults and lightning strikes fault current distribution ground potential rise gpr touch and step potentials safety 2 d ng. Apr 02, 2016 kel37 page 2 substation equipments and its function distribution system the major function of distribution system is to provide power to individual consumer requirement. Distribution substations michigan technological university. It also is used to change ac voltages from one level to another, andor change alternating current to direct current or direct current to alternating current. It details the electrical hazards which must be managed to ensure the safety of. Best practices for protection and control applications for. Pdf development of an electrical substation equipment. Electrical energy systems components and substations for electrical transmission and distribution systems b.
Customer substation manual 6272019 preface page 8 of 82 010. Below is the list of some of the important components of substation. Impact of new grid developments on substation design. Electrical substation equipment for transferring of electrical power from generating unit to distributing units various types of electrical equipment are required. Radio interference suppression equipment, except so far as it affects the safety on an electrical installation. Introduction the primary purpose of an electricity distribution system is to meet the customers demands for energy after receiving the bulk electrical energy from transmission or subtransmission substation. Electrical substation switch yard general equipments. Work in substations general summary this document supports the power system safety rules and its requirements assembled under work in substations general. Shielding methods do not permit an arc to form between the conductor and ground. Recognizing the grids complexity and relevance, the national academy of sciences declared the electricity system the worlds largest machine and placed it at the top of the list of the. Electrical substations for beginners, shvartsberg, boris.
Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. Introduction in our present society that is greatly dependent on electric power, substation technology plays an important role in the stable and highquality transmission of electric energy. In high and medium voltage air insulated substations ais the electromagnetic field, which causes are the static charges of bare cable and conductors and by the atmospheric conditions surges, induce voltages at nolive parts of the installation that create potential differences between metallic parts and ground and also between different points of. Electric substations with equipment used to convert highvoltage, extrahighvoltage ehv, or ultrahighvoltage uhv transmission lines to the intermediate voltage subtransmission lines or to switch subtransmission circuits operating at voltages in the range of 34. Electrical substation general equipments electrical. Manual for transmission lines and substation construction and. A wide variety of electrical substation options are available to you, such as usage, phase. Substation equipment 42 items knowledge of the properties, operation, and associated symbols of various substation equipment including. Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, i thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. When a highvoltage cable is terminated for a connection to a circuit or equipment in a substation or switchyard, the termination must also be made to exact specifications.
There are nonshielding methods, such as use of lightning arresters and spark gaps. These are generally located at the receiving end of transmission lines. Ac power is required for substation building small power, lighting, heating and ventilation, some communications equipment, switchgear operating mechanisms, anticondensation heaters and motors. Our 12hour live online substation training course will cover the major elements that build electrical substations and switchyards. This 12hour live online substation training course give an overview of substations, primary breaking device, transformer, secondary switching devices, switchgear.
Substations need to be robust, built with products that last. Introduction to substations annotated instructors guide module overview this module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an introduction to typical substation components included. In the fault situations the electric apparatus and systems become dangerous to humans. You would need primary high side breaker, secondary low side breakers on a step up substation. The 230 kv and 345 kv voltage levels are commonly used to deliver bulk power to transmission and subtransmission. How an electrical substation works brighthub engineering.
There are different types of power generating substations like thermal, atomic, and hydro electric. Electrical substation general equipments free download as powerpoint presentation. Seismic response and reliability of electrical substation. System planning, design, construction, and protection. Fundamentals of electrical substations and switchgear. Pdf maintenance and operation of an electrical substation of 220. Mar 01, 2017 yuebian is qualified substation distribution supplier with years of experience,find electrical power substation in hot sale at. The electrical substation is the part of a power system in which the voltage is transformed from high to low or low to high for transmission, distribution, transformation and switching. Substations receive electricity from a transmission line and reduces it to distribution voltage. Technical guide the mvlv transformer substations abb group. The key steps in the substation designing include switchingsystem, planning and placing of equipment, selection of components as well as ordering, support of engineers, structural design, the design of electrical layout, protection of relay, and major apparatus ratings. On completion, we are happy to make a recommendation for suitable electrical safety equipment at each switchroom location. They generally use synchronous condensors as power factor improvement equipment 12. Short circuit and current capacity of equipment, bus and other equipment compliance with projects scope and requirements number of feeders and load circuits.
The power transformer, circuit breaker, busbar, insulator, lightning arrester are the main components of an electrical substation. A substation is a highvoltage electric system facility. All rus borrowers rus electric staff effective date. Prepared by the subcommittee on the design of substation structures of the committee on electrical transmission structures of the structural engineering institute of asce. Basic substation configurations and the components avo training. This is showing three of the five 220 kv66 kv transformers, as well as highvoltage transformer fire barriers, each with a capacity of 150 mva. Substation technician c is a nonexempt position on the construction, maintenance and repair of substation equipment systems. This course is intended to prepare the target persons with the ability to perform all electrical grounding system design for domestic, commercial and industrial facilities and ac substations. This bulletin is an update and revision of previous rea bulletin 651, design guide for rural substations revised june 1978. K substation standards switch operating and equipment platforms electrical design and details 20. Substation operation and maintenance policy and procedures som sf 6 reference guide f. Related cabling and conduits are covered in volume vii. Design of earthing grounding system in a substation grid. That standard explains that in transforming primary power, substations may provide system protection, powerfactorcorrection metering and circuit switching in addition to changing voltage.
The power factor has to be kept at the correct value when reactive loads are there to protect the generating plant and increase efficiency. Pdf electric power substations engineering by john d. The book is written in a clear, downtoearth style, and is based on the authors 40 years of electrical engineering experience. About 45% of these are power distribution equipment, 15% are transformers. Substations equipment maintenance electric power systems. The various circuits are joined together through these components to a busbar at substation. Distribution voltages are typically medium voltage, between 2. Grounding system design calculations 1 course description. Find electrical substation stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 3. Our highly experienced engineering team can carry out a free site visit to survey electrical switchrooms and substations for electrical substation safety equipment requirements. Substations emit a lowfrequency electromagnetic radiation emr which creates an electromagnetic field emf.
Verifying power system model to fully understand power system, we must work with accurate power system model for each substation project, power system model must be validated at local substation and all remote adjacent substations. This course is one of a series of thirteen courses on the design of electrical substations. Power system structure the typical power system structure is. Mcdonald the use of electric power substations in generation, transmission, and distribution remains one of the most challenging and exciting areas of electric power engineering. In the case of a generation facility the opposite occurs voltage is increased. The manual is applicable for all substation projects regardless of internalexternal design delivery mode. This emf has two components, an electric field and a magnetic field. Based on the availability of different resources, substations are building at different locations, but these locations may not be closer to load centers. Manual for transmission lines and substation construction. The input for a distribution substation is typically at least two transmission or subtransmission lines. Substation technician c has a 24 year working know. Many outgoing and incoming circuits are connected to it busbars. C substation standards danger sign for shunt capacitors 23.
This equipment is a compact multicomponent assembly, enclosed in a ground metallic housing, which the primary insulation medium is a compressed gas. When the power demand is more than the supply, the substations do load shedding on distribution circuits to maintain balance across the electrical network. The majority of data relates to equipment operating at 220230. The substation design manual is not intended to replace asset management standards, but rather. The electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers. Distribution substation is a substation from which electric supply is distributed to the different users. Installations meeting the ansi provisions comply with paragraph b of this section. Synchronous condensers synchronous condensers a synchronous condenser is a synchronous machine running without mechanical load and supplying or absorbing reactive power to or from a power system. American national standard national electrical safety code, ansiieee c22012 contains guidelines for the dimensions of access and working space about electric equipment in substations. New and used electrical secondary substations for sale savona equipment is a secondary substation supplier in north america and worldwide. Components and substations for electrical transmission and.
The equipment like bus bars, isolator, power transformer etc. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 1. Seismic qualification report may be submitted within 150 calendar days after date of contract. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. Manual for transmission lines and substation construction and maintenance activities volume i best management practices volume ii permits prepared for prepared by hdr engineering, inc 701 xenia avenue south, suite 600 minneapolis, minnesota 55416 february 2007.
Electrical substation components list diagram, working. Distribution substation a distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the distribution system of an area. Substation design manual i reference ni000401r121 ver 2 ergon energy corporation limited abn 50 087 646 062 ergon energy queensland pty ltd abn 11 121 177 802 revision history version description of change approval date revised by 1 initial version 250320 draft 2a. Listed are electrical substation equipment like transformers, busbar, isolator, capacitor bank, switchyard etc joined together to deliver power. Traction substations are used to convert electrical power as supplied by the power utility or rail operators own network to a form suitable for providing power to a rail system via third rail or overhead line. The electrical substation design is a complex method with full of engineer planning. Part 3 of the course fundamentals of modern electrical substations is concentrated on substation engineering aspects, which may be very challenging and require from utility companies engineers a very diverse knowledge and experience to address these aspects. We offer a complete line of high quality substation equipment that meets or exceeds industry standards. A 50 hz electrical substation in melbourne, australia. D substation standards ground cable on tubular steel structures support details 21. Substation equipment and its function 2 slideshare. Hv substation project brief history et bihl d i 1987 f th il ti f l hv mv d established in 1987 for the realization of complex hv, mv and lv projects. Schedule infeed substations on an 18month cycle, allowing more frequent inspections and during varied weather conditions.
Numbers of breakers, disconnect switches, transformers, auxiliaries, protective devices, lines and other equipment. Typically, a substation occupies an acre or more of land, on which the various necessary substation equipment is located. Recent technological developments have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of substation design and operation. Advances in substation equipment technology have led to increased unit capacity, smaller size, and environmental preservation.
Welcome to the electric substation safety resource site the purpose of this site is to establish a place where all substation workers can come and share their safety ideas,work methods and practices so that we can all benefit from kamagra oral jelly online each others experiences. Regulations for the installation of electrical wiring. The content is designed to give you a clear understanding of electrical substation importance for the reliable and effective operation of power systems and to expand your knowledge of major substation equipment. When the space available for the installation of the substation is short or when the environmental conditions are extremely severe the usual solution is to install a gis gas insulated substation, which schematic diagram is shown in figure 3. Design guide for rural substations usda rural development. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. The station may consist of transformers, switches, circuit breakers and other auxilliary equipment. Development of an electrical substation equipment performance database for evaluation of equipment fragilities. The traction power equipment consists of all the equipment in the traction power substations, gap tie stations, and that local equipment required to provide supervisory control over the entire traction power system. Development of an electrical substation equipment performance database for evaluation of equipment fragilities technical report pdf available january 2001 with 4,058 reads how we measure reads. Electrical substation switch yard general equipments free download as powerpoint presentation. An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an. Electrical distribution substation outdoor, power substation.
Provide time in plan for any trouble requiring investigation. Substations and switchgear inherently operate at high voltages. Tikhodeev encyclopedia of life support systems eolss into substation equipment systems. Recent technological develop ments have had a tremendous impact on all. Electrical substation components, workings and their functions. Substation, switchgear and equipment maintenance and testing.
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